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Art museum in Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland Museum of Art
Cleveland Museum of Art logo.png
Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg
Established 1913 (1913)
(officially opened in 1916)
Location 11150 East Boulevard
Cleveland, Ohio
Coordinates 41°30′32″N 81°36′42″Westward  /  41.50889°Northward 81.61167°Westward  / 41.50889; -81.61167 Coordinates: 41°30′32″North 81°36′42″W  /  41.50889°N 81.61167°W  / 41.50889; -81.61167
Visitors 769,000 annually (2018)[1]
Manager William M. Griswold[ii]
Website world wide web.clevelandart.org

The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city's eastward side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian fine art, the museum houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from effectually the world.[3] The museum provides general access complimentary to the public. With a $755 meg endowment, it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States.[4] With about 770,000 visitors annually (2018), it is one of the nearly visited art museums in the world.[one]

History [edit]

View of the museum from the steps of the Euclid Avenue entrance to Wade Park, overlooking the Lagoon. Seen in the foreground is Frank Jirouch'south 1928 bronze sculpture, Dark Passing the Earth to Twenty-four hour period.

Beginnings [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington, and Horace Kelley.[5] The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble, Beaux-Arts building was constructed on the southern border of Wade Park, at the cost of $1.25 million.[vi] Wade Park and the museum were designed past the local architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes, with the museum planned as the park'south centerpiece.[vii] The 75-acre (300,000 thou2) green infinite takes its name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, who donated office of his wooded manor to the city in 1881.[8] The museum opened its doors to the public on June 6, 1916, with Wade'due south grandson, Jeptha H. Wade 2, proclaiming information technology, "for the do good of all people, forever".[9] Wade, like his grandfather, had a bully interest in art and served as the museum's first vice-president; in 1920 he became its president.[10] Today, the park, with the museum still every bit its centerpiece, is on the National Annals of Historic Places.[xi]

Mid to late 20th century expansion [edit]

Northern entrance, showing the 1971 addition designed by Marcel Breuer.

In March 1958, the commencement addition to the edifice opened, doubling the museum's floorspace. This addition, which was on the northward side of the original building, was designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Hayes and Ruth. They designed new gallery space and a new fine art library.

The museum once more expanded in 1971 with the opening of the Due north Wing. With its stepped, 2-toned granite facade, the addition designed past modernist builder Marcel Breuer provided athwart lines in singled-out contrast with the flourishes of the 1916 building's neoclassical facade. The museum's main entrance was shifted to the North Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls were also moved into the North Fly, allowing their spaces in the Original Building to be renovated as gallery infinite.

In 1983, a Westward Wing, designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson, & Partners, was completed. This provided larger library space, too as nine new galleries.

Between 2001 and 2012, the 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished. A new wrap-around edifice, and east and west wings were constructed. Designed by Rafael Viñoly, this $350 million project doubled the museum'southward size to 592,000 square feet (55,000 m2). To integrate the new east and w wings with the Breuer edifice to the north, a new structure was congenital along the s side of the 1971 add-on, creating extensive new gallery space on two levels, as well as providing for a museum store and other amenities. Viñoly covered the infinite created past the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium. The east wing opened in 2009, and the north wing and atrium in 2012.[12] The West Wing opened on January 2, 2014.[13]

Expansion in the 21st century [edit]

Inside the museum's atrium, which opened in 2012

The museum's building and renovation projection, "Building for the Hereafter",[9] began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 (though information technology was non completed until 2013)[1] at projected costs of $258 one thousand thousand.[14] The museum historic the official completion of the renovation and expansion project with a grand opening celebration held on December 31, 2013, and additional activities that continued through the outset week of 2014.[xv] The $350 million project—two-thirds of which was earmarked for the complete renovation of the original 1916 structure—added two new wings, and was the largest cultural projection in Ohio's history.[ix] The new east and westward wings, as well equally the enclosing of the atrium courtyard nether a soaring glass awning, have brought the museum'due south total floor space to 592,000 square feet (55,000 m2) (an increase of approximately 65%).

The first phase of the project had $nine.3 1000000 in cost overruns; the opening was delayed by nine months. Museum director Timothy Rub bodacious the public that the increase in quality would be worth both the wait and expense.[sixteen] In June 2008, after being closed for nearly three years for the overhaul, the museum reopened 19 of its permanent galleries to the public in the renovated 1916 building chief floor.

On June 27, 2009, the newly constructed East Wing (which contains the Impressionist, Gimmicky, and Modern art collections) opened to the public.

Chester Beach's 1927 Fountain of the Waters side by side the museum's main entrance in Wade Park.

On June 26, 2010, the ground level of the 1916 building reopened. It now houses the collections of Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Sub-Saharan African, Byzantine, and Medieval art.[17] The expanded museum includes enhanced visitor amenities, such as new restrooms, an expanded store and café, a sit-down gourmet restaurant, parking capacity increased to 620 spaces, and a 34,000 square feet (3,200 grand2) glass-covered courtyard.

On June 12, 2021, Cleveland Museum of Art opened a community arts heart in Cleveland'south Clark-Fulton neighborhood. It hosts onetime Parade the Circle floats, displays and fine art that were previously in temporary storage.[eighteen]

Wade Park [edit]

Wade Park includes an outdoor gallery displaying function of the museum'southward holdings in the Wade Park Fine Arts Garden. The majority of this collection is located between the original 1916 principal archway to the building and the lagoon. Highlights of the public sculpture include the big bandage of Chester Embankment's 1927 Fountain of the Waters; a monument to the Polish expatriate and American Revolutionary War-hero Tadeusz Kościuszko; and the 1928 bronze statuary sundial past Frank Jirouch, Night Passing the Earth to Mean solar day, which sits beyond Wade Lagoon from the museum, nigh the park'southward entrance on Euclid Avenue.

Auguste Rodin'south The Thinker is installed at the summit of the museum's main staircase. After beingness partially destroyed in a 1970 bombing (allegedly by the Weathermen),[19] the statue was never restored. Art historians knew that Rodin was involved in the original casting of this sculpture. The 1970 harm (noted on a plaque since mounted at the base of operations of the statue's pedestal) is considered to have made this casting unique among the more than twenty original large castings of this work.[ commendation needed ]

Collections [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art divides its collections into 16 departments, including Chinese Art, Mod European Art, African Art, Drawings, Prints, European Fine art, Textiles and Islamic Art, American Painting and Sculpture, Greek and Roman Fine art, Gimmicky Art, Medieval Art, Decorative Fine art and Design, Pre-Columbian and Native North American Art, Japanese and Korean Art, Indian and Southeast Asian Art, and Photography. Artists represented past significant works include Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Botticelli, Giambattista Pittoni, Caravaggio, El Greco, Poussin, Rubens, Frans Hals, Gerard David, Goya, J.M.Due west. Turner, Dalí, Matisse, Renoir, Gauguin (The Call), Frederic Edwin Church, Thomas Cole, Corot, Thomas Eakins, Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Picasso, and George Bellows. The Museum has been active recently in acquiring after 20th-century fine art, having added important works by Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Christo, Anselm Kiefer, Ronald Davis, Larry Poons, Leon Kossoff, Jack Whitten, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Chuck Close, Robert Mangold, Ching Ho Cheng, Mark Tansey and Sol LeWitt, among others.

The museum's African art collection consists of 300 traditional, sub-Saharan works from the Bini, Congo, Senufo, and Yoruba peoples, mostly donated past Cleveland collector Katherine C. White.[20] The museum is especially potent in the field of Asian art, possessing one of the all-time collections in the U.S.[ further explanation needed ] [21]

In June 2004, the museum acquired an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos, believed to be an original piece of work by Praxiteles of Athens. Because the piece of work has a contested provenance, the museum continues to report the dating and attribution of the sculpture. In 2011, Michael Bennet, the Greek and Roman arts curator, announced that he had dated the slice to 350 B.C. to 250 B.C.[22] In 2013, the museum held a focus exhibition on the statue. It announced reattribution of the work as Apollo the Python-Slayer, and said that the statue was almost certainly an original piece of work by Praxiteles himself, and that laboratory investigations and good testimony conclusively testify the statuary was neither a recent discovery nor recovered from the body of water.[23]

In 2008, the Us Postal Service selected the Cleveland Museum'southward famed Botticelli painting entitled Virgin and Kid with the Immature John the Baptist equally the Christmas stamp for that year.[24]

Modern European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art's Modern European Painting and Sculpture drove holds pieces dating from 1800 to 1960, and contains about 537 pieces. The collection contains Impressionism and Post-impressionism works, advanced fine art styles, and High german Expressionism and Neuesachlichkeit fine art.[25]

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

This collection holds pieces dating from 1500 to 1800, with major works representing Italian Baroque, Spanish Baroque, Italian Renaissance, too as significant French, British, and Dutch paintings.[26]

American Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The collection is concise, containing about 300 paintings and 90 sculptures. Major attractions in the collection include William Sideny Mountain'south The Ability of Music, Frederich Edwin Church's Twilight in the Wilderness, and Albert Pinkham Ryder'due south The Racetrack (Death on a Pale Horse). A number of Cleveland-based artists are likewise included in the museum'southward holdings, placing an emphasis on local fine art.[27]

Photography [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art contains a small-scale collection of fine art photography, dating dorsum to 1893. Of special note are pieces from photography'due south first contributors, particularly French, English, and American photographers. Other highlights of the collection are "photography with complete sets of The North American Indian by Edward Due south. Curtis and Camera Work; surrealist photography created primarily betwixt the two globe wars; and Cleveland-specific subject matter produced by regional and national photographers".[28]

  • A Nakoaktok Chief's Girl

  • Walker Evans, Allie Mae Burroughs, Wife of a Cotton Sharecropper, Hale Canton, Alabama, 1936.

Decorative Art and Design [edit]

An internationally renowned drove, the Decorative Art and Design collection "consists of useful objects in which the course and decoration are the primary focus, not objects intended purely as sculpture"[29]

  • A chiffonier from 1690

Ingalls Library [edit]

In improver to its comprehensive drove of fine art, the Cleveland Museum of Fine art is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art libraries in the United States.[xxx] As part of the initial 1913 plan by the museum's founders, a library of x,000 volumes was to be assembled, to include photographs and archival works. By the 1950s, the collection of books alone had surpassed 37,000 and the photographic collection neared 47,000.[31] By the 21st century, the library had more than 500,000 volumes (and 500,000 digitized slides); renovation of the library space was one of the focal points in the museum's $350 million expansion.

ARTLENS Gallery [edit]

Three museum visitors strike different poses as they interact with a digital ARTLENS display.

Museum visitors interacting with a gesture-based ARTLENS display.

The ARTLENS Gallery is a series of interactive displays and a mobile app that let visitors to view and interact with the museum's digitized collection. ARTLENS is divided into four components:[32] [33]

  • The ArtLens Wall is a 40-human foot display that lets visitors browse and calibration all works that are displayed in the museum, as well every bit some artworks that are non. The wall rotates through artworks in groups organized past criteria such as type, shape, and color.[33]
  • The ArtLens Exhibition is a rotating option of artworks that are showcased through digital gesture-based games and activities. Examples of these activities are automatically matching the shape of a user's paw gestures to an artwork, or having the user imitate poses institute in various works, which are then scored for accuracy.[33] [34]
  • The ArtLens Studio is a serial of digital studios for visitors to make their own artwork, such as creating digital pottery by mimicking a potter'south movements, or creating collages from images provided by the museum.[35]
  • The ArtLens mobile application provides data nearly the museum and lists of all its artworks.[36] The app is able to communicate via Bluetooth to beacons located throughout the museum to determine the user'south location, and allows the user to marking and save artworks they see. The app connects to the previously mentioned ArtLens Exhibition and Wall.[33]

Following the launch of ARTLENS, the Cleveland Museum of Art conducted a two-year written report to see how the gallery impacts company engagement.[37] [38] Surveys from November 2017 and January 2018 of 438 ARTLENS visitors institute that 76% of viewers felt that the gallery "enhanced their overall museum experience"; 74% felt that information technology "encouraged them to await closely at fine art and notice new things"; and 73% said that it "increased their interest in the museum's collection."[38] [39] [37] Museum visitors born betwixt 1981 and 1996 were xv% more likely to visit the gallery compared to older individuals.[38] [37] The ARTLENS organisation too gathers belittling data; the time patrons spent looking at artworks went from an boilerplate of two-to-3 seconds to xv seconds.[34]

Programs [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art also maintains a schedule of special exhibitions, lectures, films and musical programs. The department of performing arts, music and picture hosts a film series[xl] and the museum's Performing Arts Series,[41] which brings the creative energies of internationally renowned artists into Cleveland.

The section of education[42] at CMA creates programs for lifelong learning from lectures, talks and studio classes to outreach programs and community events, such as Parade the Circle",[43] Chalk Festival[44] and the "Wintertime Lights Lantern Festival".[45] Educational programs include distance learning,[46] "Fine art to Get",[47] and the "Educator's Academy".[48] The museum is besides dwelling house to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art museum libraries in the United States with over 500,000 volumes.[49]

Open Admission drove materials [edit]

A digital display highlighting works released as part of the Open Access initiative.

In January 2019, the Cleveland Museum of Art announced that it was waiving its rights to "roughly thirty,000 of the 61,328 objects in its permanent collection considered to be in the public domain".[l] They are using the Creative Commons – Nil license for high-resolution images and data almost its collection.[51] Additionally, metadata for more than 61,000 pieces in its collection have been made bachelor.[52] The Open Access fabric is bachelor on a special section of the museum website.[53]

Governance [edit]

Omnipresence [edit]

The museum reported attendance of 597,715 during the menstruation betwixt July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, the highest total in more a decade.[54] In 2018, the museum had a record 769,435 visitors, replacing the previous record of 719,620 in 1987.[1]

Finance [edit]

In 1958, a $35-million bequest by industrialist Leonard C. Hanna Jr. vaulted the Cleveland Museum of Fine art into the ranks of the country'south richest art museums.[55] Today, the museum receives operating support from the Ohio Arts Council through state taxation dollars. It is likewise funded by Cuyahoga County residents through Cuyahoga Arts and Civilisation. The museum derives effectually two thirds of its $36 million budget from involvement on its endowment, which was reported every bit $750 million in 2014.[56] [57] The museum has an conquering fund of $277 million, from which information technology draws about $xiii million a yr for buy of works for its collections.[58]

Marketing [edit]

The museum has also taken an active role in presenting music concerts and lectures. These include performances by Chanticleer (ensemble), Roomful of Teeth, and John Luther Adams among others.

  • The Cleveland Museum of Art, Winter Lights Lantern Festival.

  • Noche Flamenca, part of CMA's VIVA! & Gala, at present chosen the Performing Arts Series.[59]

Directors [edit]

  • William Grand. Griswold (2014–)[4]
  • Fred Bidwell (2013–2014, acting managing director)[4]
  • David Franklin (2010–2013)[60] [iv]
  • Deborah Gribbon (2009–2010, acting director)
  • Timothy Rub (2006–2009)[14]
  • Katharine Lee Reid (2000–2006)[61]
  • Kate Sellars (1999–2000, interim director)[61]
  • Robert P. Bergman (1993–1999)[62]
  • Evan H. Turner (1983–1993)[63]
  • Dr. Sherman E. Lee (1958–1982)
  • William M. Milliken (1930–1958)
  • Frederic Allen Whiting (1913–1930)

In popular culture [edit]

The museum is the stand up-in for the fictional S.H.I.E.L.D. headquarters in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and tin can be extensively seen in several office and establishing shots of Helm America: The Wintertime Soldier (2014). In several scenes, the museum's atrium can be seen as the "lobby" for the Washington, D.C.-based authorities organisation. The outside of the museum and elevator tower are in other shots also.

See besides [edit]

  • Landscape with a Windmill, 1646

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Litt, Steven (January 15, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Fine art hit record attendance in 2018, thanks to Kusama, FRONT and new programs". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019.
  2. ^ Steven Litt, The Patently Dealer (May xx, 2014). "William Griswold, director of the Morgan Library & Museum in New York, is named director of the Cleveland Museum of Art". cleveland.com. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  3. ^ "General Museum Information". Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  4. ^ a b c d Steven Litt (26 March 2014). "After triumph and trauma, the Cleveland Museum of Art seeks committed, long-term leadership: CMA 2014". Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  5. ^ "The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  6. ^ "about – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. 2002-09-28. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  7. ^ "Hubbell and Benes". Architectureofcleveland.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  8. ^ "Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:WADE, JEPTHA HOMER I". Ech.case.edu. 1997-07-23. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  9. ^ a b c "the building project – The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  10. ^ "Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:WADE, JEPTHA HOMER II". Ech.cwru.edu. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  11. ^ "National Register of Historical Places – OHIO (OH), Cuyahoga County". Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  12. ^ McGuigan, Cathleen (October 16, 2012). "Cleveland Museum of Fine art: Earning its Stripes: A Museum Builds on its Many Legacies". Architectural Record . Retrieved July 24, 2016. [ permanent expressionless link ]
  13. ^ Litt, Steven (December 26, 2013). "Rediscovering Prc, India and Southeast Asia at the Cleveland Museum of Art: The new West Wing". The Evidently Dealer . Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  14. ^ a b Carol Vogel (January 6, 2006), Cleveland Museum Gets New Director The New York Times.
  15. ^ kmiers (18 December 2013). "Cleveland Museum of Fine art Celebrates Significant Accomplishments". Cleveland Museum of Fine art.
  16. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art renovations showtime to run across the light" Archived 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Auto, The Apparently Dealer, March 29, 2008.
  17. ^ "calendar – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  18. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art opens new Customs Arts Center". WKYC. eleven June 2021.
  19. ^ "JAIC 1998, Volume 37, Number ii, Commodity two (pp. 173 to 186)". Aic.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  20. ^ "Cleveland Museum Appoints Ugochukwu-Shine C. Nzewi Curator of African Art – News – Art & Didactics". Art & Pedagogy. June half dozen, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  21. ^ "DIA's drove has national luster". The Detroit News. 2007-xi-06. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  22. ^ "Cleveland Art Apollo". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  23. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Presents Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo". 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  24. ^ "2008 Stamps". USPS Postal News. US Mail. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009.
  25. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Modern European Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  26. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "European Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-ten-24 .
  27. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "American Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  28. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Photography". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  29. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Decorative Art and Pattern". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-ten-24 .
  30. ^ "History of the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  31. ^ "About the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  32. ^ Usmani, Josh. "Cleveland Museum of Art's New ArtLens Gallery Will Give Visitors a More than Interactive Experience". Cleveland Scene . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  33. ^ a b c d "ARTLENS Gallery". Cleveland Museum of Fine art. 2012-11-sixteen. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  34. ^ a b "The Cleveland Museum of Art Wants Yous To Play With Its Art". Smithsonian . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  35. ^ "ArtLens Studio". Cleveland Museum of Art. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  36. ^ "ARTLENS". App Store . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  37. ^ a b c "The Cleveland Museum Studied How to Best Engage Visitors in the Age of Netflix. Hither'due south What They Found". artnet News. 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  38. ^ a b c Bolander, Elizabeth; Ridenour, Hannah; Quimby, Claire. "Art Museums and Applied science: Developing New Metrics to Measure Visitor Engagement" (PDF). Cleveland Museum of Fine art . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  39. ^ Litt, Steven (2019-05-26). "CMA survey: Digital applied science isn't just fun – it sharpens understanding of art". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  40. ^ "films – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2013-04-26 .
  41. ^ admin (21 August 2012). "Music and Performances". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  42. ^ "Larn | Cleveland Museum of Art mobile site". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  43. ^ "Parade the Circle | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  44. ^ "Chalk Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  45. ^ "Winter Lantern Lights Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  46. ^ "Distance Learning | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  47. ^ "Fine art to Become | The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  48. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art – Educators Academy". Archived from the original on June 19, 2010.
  49. ^ "Library". The Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  50. ^ Litt, Steven (Jan 23, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Art launches adjacent-generation open admission to artworks and data online". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  51. ^ marmitage (2018-12-28). "Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  52. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Launches Open Access Collections Database". CODART . Retrieved ix August 2019.
  53. ^ marmitage (28 December 2018). "Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  54. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Reports Strong Gains in Omnipresence, Membership, Fundraising", Press release, The Cleveland Museum of Art.
  55. ^ Elaine Woo (July xx, 2008), "Cleveland art museum director gave information technology prestige", Los Angeles Times.
  56. ^ Jason Edward Kaufman (January 8, 2009), How the richest US museums are weathering the storm, The Art Newspaper.
  57. ^ Ballad Vogel (May xx, 2014), "Cleveland Hires Leader Of Morgan", The New York Times.
  58. ^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (March 14, 2012), "How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations", The New York Times.
  59. ^ "CMA Inquiry Resources : The Thinker at the CMA". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  60. ^ Steven Litt (Baronial 27, 2010). "David Franklin of the National Gallery of Canada named managing director of the Cleveland Museum of Art". Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  61. ^ a b Judith H. Dobrzynski (Jan 5, 2000), Museum Chief in Cleveland The New York Times.
  62. ^ William H. Honan (May 7, 1999), Robert P. Bergman, 53, Head Of Cleveland Museum of Art The New York Times.
  63. ^ Susan Heller Anderson (May 18, 1982), CLEVELAND MUSEUM CHOOSES DIRECTOR The New York Times.

Farther reading [edit]

  • (in Japanese) 門脇 興次 (前クリーブランド日本語補習校(Japanese Language Schoolhouse of Cleveland)教諭・千葉県立成田市立東小学校教諭). "補習授業校における国際理解教育の実践 : クリーブランド美術館におけるジャパニーズフェスティバルを通して." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 24, 111–114, 2001. Tokyo Gakugei University. Run into profile at CiNii.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • FRAME – The Cleveland Museum of Art is a member of FRAME (French Regional American Museum Exchange) and has presented and contributed to FRAME-sponsored exhibitions.

bosworthhimentionce.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art

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